一 | DETROIT -- Detroit's three automakers have laid off roughly 4,800 workers at factories that are not among the plants that have been hit by the United Auto Workers strikes, which have lasted for nearly four weeks.The companies say the strikes have nevertheless forced them to impose those layoffs. They note that the job cuts have occurred mainly at factories that make parts for assembly plants that were closed by strikes. In one case, layoffs have been imposed at a factory that uses supplies from a parts factory on strike.The UAW rejects that argument. It contends that the layoffs are unjustified and were imposed as part of the companies' pressure campaign to persuade UAW members to accept less favorable terms in negotiations with automakers. The factories that have been affected by layoffs are in six states: Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Kansas, Indiana and New York. Sam Fiorani, an analyst with AutoForecast Solutions, a consulting firm, said he thinks the layoffs reflect a simple reality: The automakers are losing money because of the strikes. By slowing or idling factories that are running below their capacities because of strike-related parts shortages, Fiorani said, the companies can mitigate further losses.“It doesn’t make sense to keep running at 30% or 40% of capacity when it normally runs at 100%,” he said. “We’re not looking at huge numbers of workers relative to the ones actually being struck. But there is fallout.”In a statement, Bryce Currie, vice president of Americas manufacturing at Ford, said: “While we are doing what we can to avoid layoffs, we have no choice but to reduce production of parts that would be destined for a plant that is on strike."UAW President Shawn Fain countered in a statement that the automakers were using layoffs to pressure the union into settling the strike. With billions in profits, Fain argued, the companies don’t have to lay off a single employee.The UAW began striking against General Motors, Ford and Stellantis on Sept. 15, with one assembly plant from each company. The next week, the union expanded the strike to 38 GM and Stellantis parts warehouses. Assembly plants from Ford and GM were added the week after that. All told, about 25,000 workers have walked off their jobs at the three automakers. Striking workers are receiving $500 a week from the union’s strike pay fund. By contrast, anyone who is laid off would qualify for state unemployment aid, which, depending on a variety of circumstances, could be less or more than $500 a week. “Their plan won’t work,” Fain said. “The UAW will make sure any worker laid off in the Big Three’s latest attack will not go without an income.”GM said it has laid off 2,330 workers, including 1,600 at a temporarily closed assembly plant in Kansas City, Kansas, that makes the Chevrolet Malibu sedan and Cadillac XT4 small SUV. The plant uses metal parts produced at the GM plant in Wentzville, Missouri, which is on strike. Other GM facilities that have been affected by layoffs are in Lockport, New York; Toledo, Ohio; Marion, Indiana; Parma, Ohio; and Lansing, Michigan.Ford said it has laid off 1,865 workers. They include 600 auto-body and parts-stamping employees in Wayne, Michigan, who are not on strike but who have been affected by a nearby assembly plant that has been struck. Other Ford locations with layoffs include Chicago; Sterling Heights and Livonia, Michigan; and Cleveland and Lima, Ohio. Stellantis said late Monday that it had laid off about 640 workers, including 520 at an engine factory complex in Trenton, Michigan, that supplies a Jeep plant in Toledo, Ohio, that is on strike. Other locations with layoffs include a metal casting plant in Kokomo, Indiana, and a machining factory in Toledo. Fiorani said that if the strike widens, more workers will likely be laid off at non-striking plants. Once metal stamping factories that supply multiple assembly plants have produced enough parts for non-striking facilities, the companies would likely shut them down.“Once you've filled up the stocks for the other plants you supply," he said, “you have to lay off the workers and wait out the strike.”Separate companies that manufacture parts for the automakers are likely to have laid off workers but might not report them publicly, said Patrick Anderson, CEO of the Anderson Economic Group in Lansing, Michigan. A survey of parts supply companies by a trade association called MEMA Original Equipment Suppliers found that 30% of members have laid off workers and that more than 60% expect to start layoffs in mid-October.Fiorani said that while larger parts suppliers can likely withstand the strike, smaller companies that make parts for the bigger companies might not have enough cash or the ability to borrow to outlast the job actions. Some, he said, may have a couple dozen workers “and don't have billions in value to use as collateral in loans,” he said. Thus far, the union has decided to target a small number of plants from each company rather than have all 146,000 UAW members at the automakers go on strike at the same time.Last week, the union reported progress in the talks and decided not to add any more plants. This came after GM agreed to bring joint-venture electric vehicle battery factories into the national master contract, almost assuring that the plants will be unionized.Battery plants are a major point of contention in the negotiations. The UAW wants those plants to be unionized to assure jobs and top wages for workers who will be displaced by the industry's ongoing transition to electric vehicles.。 京津冀协同发展上升为国家战略已有十年，生态环境保护是三大率先突破的重点领域之一。在过去的十年里，山水相连、地域相接的京津冀地区爬坡过坎、攻坚克难，深入开展联防联治，区域环境质量持续改善，人民群众对良好生态环境的获得感、幸福感和安全感不断提升。 “京津冀协同发展战略实施十年来，取得了一系列标志性成果。”中国宏观经济研究院国土开发与地区经济研究所区域合作室主任、研究员刘保奎在接受人民网记者专访时表示，令他感受最为直接和深刻的是区域生态环境联防联治取得的重大进展，这些成果大大增进了居民生活福祉。 “这里的空气和景色都非常好，刚才我们在河边散步，感觉心旷神怡。”一位北京市通州区的居民向记者表示，从排水沟到“生态河”，近几年大运河水环境、水生态、水景观有了明显变化。近年来，京津冀三地共同治理运河生态、推动旅游通航、加强水资源联调联控，使大运河成为京津冀地区重要的生态廊道。
二 | 记者注意到，在清明节前夕，北京市通州区还以大运河申遗成功十周年及京津冀协同发展十周年为契机，推出了三条以“赏花+”为主题的清明踏青特色打卡路线，吸引了不少游客前往游玩。既传递了北京城市副中心的自然之美、生态之美、人文之美，又展示了京津冀三地生态环境质量改善方面的积极成效。 刘保奎进一步介绍，在水环境治理方面，京冀两地政府还先后签署了两轮次横向生态补偿协议，加强密云水库、官厅水库上游生态保护，建立白洋淀流域跨省（市）界河流水污染防治工作机制。三地水环境全面消除劣V类断面，北京市密云水库、怀柔雁栖湖入选全国美丽河湖优秀案例。 在京津冀生态环境保护协同发展中，大气污染一直是率先突破的最重要一环。北京市生态环境局公布的数据显示，2023年，北京市、天津市、河北省PM2.5年均浓度与2013年相比，降幅分别达到64.2%、57.3%、64.3%。2023年，北京市、天津市、河北省重污染天数分别较2013年减少50天、37天和69天，且污染程度明显减轻。 “在大气污染治理方面，三地主要大气污染物浓度大幅下降，重污染天数明显减少。
三 | ”刘保奎表示，这得益于三地共同采取了一系列重大举措，具体包括联合立法、统一规划、统一标准、协同治污，推进能源、产业、交通运输等结构优化，共同开展秋冬季大气污染攻坚行动，建立京津冀及周边地区大气污染防治协作机制，定期开展预报会商等。 在过去的十年里，青山常在、绿水长流、空气常新的美丽画卷在京畿大地逐步铺展开来。刘保奎表示，总体上讲，京津冀协同发展的经验可概括为四点：一是统一思想，高位推动；二是锚定目标，久久为功；三是打破“一亩三分地”思维定势；四是重点领域先行。
四 | 在未来，这些成功经验将为我国推动区域重大战略实施、促进区域合作提供有益参考。（实习生张艺弛对本文亦有贡献）。
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